OUTREACH : HANDS-ON WORKSHOPS : Sounds

Make waves as we examine the physics of sound, including pitch, volume and vibrations

Michigan Curriculum Framework Benchmarks

• generate questions about the world based on observation (SCI.I.1.E.1)
• describe sound properties (SCI.IV.4.E.1)
• explain how sound travels through different media (SCI.IV.4.MS.1)

Sounds Pre-visit Vocabulary

Absorption: To take in and make part of a whole.

Energy: Ability to change the temperature, motion, or makeup of an object.

Gas: A state of matter that fills the area it is in, and whose molecules are spread apart.

Larynx: Also known as the voice box: 8 rings of cartilage that wrap around the top of the trachea, or windpipe.

Liquid: A state of matter that fills the container it is placed in, and whose molecules are an intermediate distance apart.

Molecule: The smallest particle of any object that retains the signature of the object.

Pitch: The characteristic of sound that depends on the frequency of the sound waves. A short stick when struck will have a higher pitch, while a longer stick when struck will have a lower pitch.

Resonance: A sound that continues after it is made.

Solid: A state of matter made up of very closely packed atoms.

Trachea: The tube that connects your lungs to your mouth, also known as the windpipe.

Vibration: Movement in opposite directions.

Sounds Post-visit Materials

Post-visit activities provide your students with an opportunity to review workshop-presented concepts and introduce related subjects. Below you will find a classroom extension activity and a list of suggested resources for further exploration. We hope that you enjoyed our Outreach Hands-On Workshop, and we look forward to visiting your students again!

Hands-on Activity: How Fast Does Sound Travel?

Materials

• A drumstick or pole (something to hit the object with)
• A large outdoor space

Procedure

1. Bring the class, large drum (or noise-maker) and stick outside on playground or field.
2. Teacher or student volunteer should move about the length of a football field away 100-120 yards with the noise maker of choice.
3. Strike the object. Make your movement dramatic to ensure that the group is seeing your movement AND hearing the vibration of the noise maker.
4. Students should write down observations then share.
5. Ask the following questions: would altitude affect the speed of sound? Would sound travel differently in day and night? Would sound travel change on a cold or hot day?

Discussion

The speed of sound is affected by the temperature and density of air. Sound travels faster and is heard more clearly in dense and colder air because it contains more molecules. Higher altitudes have thinner air and fewer molecules per cubic centimeter.

Ask the students about their past experiences with the sound/sight phenomenon. What happens at a large sporting event (I think of watching a player hit and baseball then hearing the sound of bat on ball contact after the ball is in the air) or when a plane flies overhead?

Suggested Resources

Books

Brown, Robert J. 333 Science Tricks and Experiments. TAB Books McGraw Hill Inc., PA. 1984
Brown, Robert J. 333 More Science Tricks and Experiments. TAB Books McGraw Hill Inc., PA. 1984
Churchill, E. Richard. Amazing Science Experiments with Everyday Materials. Sterling Publishing Co. Inc. New York: NY. 1991
Glover, David. Young Discoverers: Sound and Light. Kingfisher Books. New York: NY. 1993
Kaner, Etta. Sound Science. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company. New York: NY. 1991
Lowery, Lawerence F. The Everyday Science Sourcebook. Dale Seymour Publications. CA. 1985
Popelka, Susan. Super Science with Simple Stuff. Dale Seymour Publications. CA. 1997
Primarily Physics: Investigations in Sound, Light and Heat Energy Grades K–3. AIMS Education Foundation. 1994
Science Made Simple Grades 1–6. Frank Schaffer Productions, CA. 1997
VanCleave, Janice. Physics for Every Kid. John Wiley and Sons, Inc. New York: NY. 1991

Internet

Community Learning Network (go to the Sound theme page)
Elementary School Lesson Plans
DiscoverySchool.com—The Phenomenon of Sound: Waves
Reeko’s Mad Scientist Lab
Nova: Sonic Boom Basics
Science of Sound: Activities
Science Court